Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a common oral health issue characterized by the demineralization of tooth enamel and subsequent destruction of tooth structure. The main cause of it is the reaction between sugars from meals and beverages and the bacteria in tooth plaque.

Here’s a breakdown of the process:

Plaque Formation: 

Plaque is a whitish, sticky layer of germs that builds up on your teeth over time. When you eat carbs (sugars and starches), the bacteria in plaque break them down, creating acids as a byproduct.

Acid Attack:

Tooth decay begins with the acids that the bacteria in plaque create. Known as demineralization, these acids erode the enamel, the strong outer layer of your teeth, causing it to lose minerals.

Formation of Cavities:

Enamel holes or cavities may eventually occur if the demineralization process is allowed to continue unchecked. An excellent habitat for bacteria to flourish in and continue decaying the tooth is created once a cavity appears.

Symptoms:

Tooth decay may not show any signs in its early stages. But if it worsens, you can get toothaches, staining or discoloration on the surface of your teeth, pits or holes in your teeth, and sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods.

Prevention:

To prevent tooth decay, prevention is essential. Plaque may be removed and the growth of germs can be avoided with the use of good oral hygiene techniques including brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing every day, and using mouthwash. Furthermore, adopting a balanced diet high in calcium and other minerals necessary for dental health, as well as minimizing sugary and acidic foods and beverages, will assist build tooth enamel.

Treatment:

Depending on how severe the decay is different treatments are needed. Sealants or fluoride treatments may be able to help restore the enamel’s mineral content when the decay is still in its early stages and only affects the enamel. But more involved procedures like crowns, fillings, root canals, or even tooth extraction can be required if the decay has reached the tooth’s dentin or pulp.

Frequent dental examinations are essential for the early diagnosis and treatment of tooth decay before it reaches more advanced stages. By taking early action, tooth structure can be preserved and more intrusive procedures can be avoided.